Definition: Nd:YAG laser is the short form used for Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet. It is a solid state and 4 level system as it consists of 4 energy levels. Nd ion is rare earth metal and it is doped with solid state host crystal like yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG – Y3Al5O12) to form Nd:YAG laser. …
Definition: An Optical Network is basically a communication network used for the exchange of information through an optical fiber cable between one end to another. It is one of the quickest networks used for data communication. As we already know that data signal through an optical fiber is transmitted in the form of light pulses. …
Definition: Rayleigh scattering is the phenomena of scattering of light particles majorly by the molecules of gas (sometimes also by solid and liquid). This scattering of light was first noticed by Lord Rayleigh in 1871 and thus named so. Basically when electromagnetic light propagates through air, then the back and forth movement of electrons inside the …
Definition: OTDR is an acronym used for Optical Time Domain Reflectometer. It is an instrument that is used to detect or analyze the scattered or back reflected light through an optical fiber due to impurities and imperfections in the fiber. The operating principle of an OTDR is similar to that of radar. OTDR performs timed …
Definition: Splicing of optical fibers is a technique used to join two optical fibers. This technique is used in optical fiber communication, in order to form long optical links for better as well as long-distance optical signal transmission. Splicers are basically couplers that form a connection between two fibers or fiber bundles. At the time …
Definition: A multiplier circuit that generates a dc output voltage having amplitude twice the maximum amplitude of the ac input supply voltage is known as Voltage Doubler. The circuit shows its necessity in all such applications where a high level of voltage is required when the input source is of low amplitude. Here, the name …
Definition: A varistor is a 2 terminal semiconductor device that protects the electrical and electronic devices from overvoltage transients. Its resistance is dependent on the applied input voltage. The word varistor is formed by the combining variable and resistor. It is also known as voltage-dependent resistor, VDR whose resistance changes automatically with the corresponding change in …
Definition: A semiconductor device that generates coherent light of high intensity is known as laser diode. LASER is an abbreviation for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Stimulated emission is the basis of working of a laser diode. Laser diode is similar to LED, however, different from LED, the PN junction of laser diode …
Definition: A special type of PN junction device that generates current when exposed to light is known as Photodiode. It is also known as photodetector or photosensor. It operates in reverse biased mode and converts light energy into electrical energy. The figure below shows the symbolic representation of a photodiode: Principle of Photodiode It works …
Definition: The bridge which measures the unknown mutual inductance regarding mutual inductance such type of bridge is known as the Campbell bridge. The mutual inductance is the phenomenon in which the variation of current in one coil induces the current in the nearer coil. The bridge also used for measuring the frequency by adjusting the …
