A power system is said to be effectively grounded or solidly grounded when the neutral of a generator, power transformer or grounding transformer are directly connected to the ground through a conductor of negligible resistance and reactance. A part of a system or system is said to be solidly grounded when the positive-sequence impedance of …
Calculation of sag and tension in transmission line depend on the span of the conductor. Span having equal level supports is called level span, whereas when the level of the supports is not at an equal level is known as unequal level span. The calculation of conductor at an equal level shown below. Consider a …
For safety purpose, the ground clearance of the conductors at maximum temperature and minimum loading condition should be maintained. Analysis of the sag and tension is important in the transmission line for the continuity and quality of electrical services. If the tension of the conductor is increased beyond the limit, it may get broken, and …
The transient stability of the system can be determined by the help of the swing equation. Let θ be the angular position of the rotor at any instant t. θ is continuously changing with time, and it is convenient to measure it with respect to the reference axis shown in the figure below. The angular position …
Power system consists some synchronous machines operating in synchronism. For the continuity of the power system, it is necessary that they should maintain perfect synchronism under all steady state conditions. When the disturbance occurs in the system, the system develops a force due to which it becomes normal or stable. The ability of the power …
Consider a synchronous machine connected to an infinite bus through a transmission line of reactance Xl shown in a figure below. Let us assume that the resistance and capacitance are neglected. Equivalent diagram of synchronous machine connected to an infinite bus through a transmission line of series reactance Xl is shown below: Let, V = V<0⁰ …
The capacity factor is defined as the ratio of the total actual energy produced or supply over a definite period, to the energy that would have been produced if the plant (generating unit) had operated continuously at the maximum rating. The capacity factor mainly depends on the type of the fuel used in the circuit. The capacity …
Definition: Diversity factor is defined as the ratio of the sum of the maximum demands of the various part of a system to the coincident maximum demand of the whole system. The maximum demands of the individual consumers of a group do not occur simultaneously. Thus, there is a diversity in the occurrence of the load. …
Normally, a power system operates under balanced conditions. When the system becomes unbalanced due to the failures of insulation at any point or due to the contact of live wires, a short–circuit or fault, is said to occur in the line. Faults may occur in the power system due to the number of reasons like …
In a nominal T model of a medium transmission line, the series impedance is divided into two equal parts, while the shunt admittance is concentrated at the centre of the line. The nominal T model of a medium transmission line is shown in the figure. Here, Series impedance of the line Z = R + …
